There are 6 kinds of elastic fibers that play an irreplaceable role

6 kinds of elastic fibers
Among the many functional varieties, elastic fiber as a "sunrise industry" can give the human body a good sense of contact, and plays an irreplaceable role in the wearing comfort and fluffy warmth of clothing. Therefore, it is in the textile industry in China and the world. China occupies a stable position, and the flexibility given to textile fabrics has become an inevitable development trend for wearing textiles.
Among the many functional varieties, elastic fiber as a "sunrise industry" can give the human body a good sense of contact, and plays an irreplaceable role in the wearing comfort and fluffy warmth of clothing. Therefore, it is in the textile industry in China and the world. China occupies a stable position, and the flexibility given to textile fabrics has become an inevitable development trend for wearing textiles.
1. Diene elastic fiber (rubber wire)
Diene elastic fiber is commonly known as rubber wire or elastic wire. The main chemical component is vulcanized polyisoprene. It has good chemical properties such as high temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, and wear resistance. It is widely used in socks and rib cuffs Knitting industry. Rubber yarn is an elastic fiber used in the early days. Because it is mainly made of thick yarn, its use in woven fabrics is very limited.
Second, polyurethane fiber (spandex)
Polyurethane elastic fiber refers to a fiber made of a block copolymer with polyurethane as the main component. It is referred to as spandex in China. The original trade name in the United States was Spandex, later renamed Lycra Lycra, European name Elastane, Japan The name is Neolon, and the German name is Dorlastan. Its elasticity comes from the block copolymer network structure whose molecular structure is composed of so-called "soft" and "hard" segments.
The spinning methods of spandex include dry spinning, wet spinning, chemical reaction spinning and melt spinning. Dry spinning technology is currently the most common method of spandex industrial production. Spandex is the earliest developed and most widely used elastic fiber, with the most mature production technology.

3. Polyetherester elastic fiber
Polyetherester elastic fiber is an elastic fiber made by melt spinning of polyester and polyether copolymer, which was first produced by Teijin Corporation in 1990. Polyetherester elastic fibers are similar to polyurethane elastic fibers in structure, and also have "segment" structural characteristics. The "soft" segment is mainly a polyether segment, which has good flexibility and a long chain, which is easy to elongate and deform; the "hard" segment is a polyester segment, which is relatively stiff, easy to crystallize, and the chain is short. It acts as a node when deformed by force, giving elastic recovery properties and determining the strength and heat resistance of the fiber.
Polyetherester elastic fiber not only has high strength, good elasticity and high melting point. It is dyed with PET fiber and can be dyed at 120 ~ 130 ℃, so polyester fiber can also be processed into elastic textiles. In addition, they have excellent light resistance, chlorine bleach resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc. are better than ordinary spandex.
This kind of fiber also has the advantages of cheap raw materials, easy production and processing, and is a kind of fiber with relatively promising development.
Fourth, composite elastic fiber (T400 fiber)
CONTEX (ST 100 composite elastic fiber, market collectively referred to as T400 elastic fiber) is a two-component new composite elastic fiber that uses DuPont Sorona as the main raw material and is made with ordinary PET through an advanced composite spinning process; it has a natural permanent spiral Curling and excellent bulkiness, elasticity, elastic recovery rate, color fastness and particularly soft feel, can be woven alone or interwoven with cotton, viscose, polyester, nylon, etc., forming a variety of types style.
It not only solves many problems such as traditional spandex yarn not easy to dye, excessive elasticity, complicated weaving, unstable fabric size, and easy aging during use, but also can be woven directly on air jet, water spray, arrow shaft loom, not like spandex In that case, the covering yarn must be made before weaving, which reduces the cost of yarn and improves the uniformity of product quality.
5. Polyolefin elastic fiber (DOWXLA fiber)
Polyolefin elastic fibers are made from polyolefin thermoplastic elastomers by melt spinning. XLA, launched by DOW Chemical in 2002, is the first commercially available polyolefin elastic fiber. It is produced by melt spinning of an ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) catalyzed by a metallocene catalyst. .
It has good elasticity, 500% elongation at break, can withstand high temperature of 220 ℃, resistant to chlorine bleach and strong acid and alkali treatment, and has strong resistance to ultraviolet degradation. Its production process is simple, the price of raw materials is lower than spandex, and at the same time, there is almost no pollution in the production process and it is easy to recycle. Since polyolefin elastic fiber has many excellent properties, it has been widely used in recent years.
Six, hard elastic fiber
Certain fibers made under special processing conditions, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and other fibers, although not easy to deform under low stress (because they have a higher modulus), but at higher stress Under, especially at lower temperatures, it also has better elasticity, so this type of fiber is called a hard elastic fiber.
At present, hard elastic fibers are not widely used in textiles, but because their elastic characteristics are different from soft elastic fibers, some special textiles can be developed.